The political landscape in India witnessed a significant turn with **Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar's resignation** on Monday, July 21, 2025. Citing health reasons, Dhankhar stepped down from his post with immediate effect. This announcement came as a surprise on the inaugural day of the **Monsoon Session of Parliament**, which itself commenced amidst considerable uproar and multiple adjournments. Both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha experienced disruptions due to opposition demands for discussions on various issues, prominently "Operation Sindoor." The Congress party indicated that key issues like the Pahalgam terror attack, Bihar Special Intensive Revision (SIR), and the Air India plane crash in Ahmedabad would also be raised.
In a notable scientific advancement, the **Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is developing AdFalciVax**, an indigenous, genetically engineered, multistage malaria vaccine. This vaccine, designed to combat Plasmodium falciparum, targets both pre-erythrocytic and sexual stages of the malaria parasite and has shown encouraging preclinical trial results, including high thermal stability.
Economically, India showcased robust performance, **leading global investment confidence growth in the third quarter of 2025**. According to the Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) Global Business Investment Confidence Index, India recorded the highest year-on-year confidence growth of 12.6% among 32 economies.
Several key judicial developments also unfolded. The **Bombay High Court acquitted all 12 accused in the 2006 Mumbai train blasts case**, stating that the prosecution "utterly failed" to prove the case. The Maharashtra government has expressed shock and announced its intention to challenge this decision in the Supreme Court. Separately, the Supreme Court fined the Karnataka government Rs 25 lakh for challenging an order related to BJP MP Tejasvi Surya's case. The apex court is also set to hear a presidential reference under Article 143 on July 22, 2025, concerning its advisory jurisdiction on bills. Furthermore, the Supreme Court recently established comprehensive guidelines for handling DNA evidence in criminal cases. Six new judges were sworn in at the Delhi High Court, increasing its strength to 40.
On the international front, concerns have been raised as **China began constructing a massive hydropower dam on the Brahmaputra River** near the Indian border. This project, touted as the world's largest hydropower plant, has drawn apprehension from downstream countries like India and Bangladesh.
Other notable news includes the **Enforcement Directorate (ED) summoning Google and Meta** for questioning over alleged promotion of online betting applications, part of an ongoing probe into fraud and money laundering. Additionally, the **National Standards for Civil Service Training Institutes 2.0 (NSCSTI 2.0) were launched** by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh, aiming to foster a future-ready civil service. The Indian Air Force is slated to conduct a major military exercise near the India-Pakistan border in Rajasthan from July 23-25.