India-EFTA Trade Pact Becomes Operational
In a significant boost to its economic ties, the free trade agreement between India and the four-nation European Free Trade Association (EFTA) officially came into force on October 1, 2025. This landmark Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA), signed on March 10, 2024, is set to unlock new opportunities for trade, investment, and job creation. The EFTA bloc, comprising Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland, has committed to investing USD 100 billion in India over the next 15 years, a pledge expected to generate one million direct jobs. The agreement aims to significantly reduce or eliminate tariffs on a wide range of products and liberalize trade in services, enhancing market access for both sides. India will phase out customs duties on high-quality Swiss products like watches and chocolates over 10 years.
PM Modi Unveils RSS Centenary Coin and Stamp
On October 1, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a special postage stamp and a commemorative ā¹100 coin to mark the centenary celebrations of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). The ā¹100 coin features the national emblem on one side and, notably, a majestic image of 'Bharat Mata' in Varad Mudra with a lion, being saluted by swayamsevaks, on the other. This marks the first-ever depiction of Bharat Mata on Indian currency. The commemorative stamp showcases RSS swayamsevaks participating in the 1963 Republic Day Parade. While the Prime Minister lauded the RSS's contributions to the nation, the move drew criticism from opposition parties, who termed it an "insult to the Constitution" and a "sectarian agenda."
Central Government Employees and Pensioners Receive 3% DA/DR Hike
The Union Cabinet approved a 3% increase in Dearness Allowance (DA) for central government employees and Dearness Relief (DR) for pensioners, effective from July 1, 2025. This hike raises the DA/DR rate from 55% to 58% of the basic pay/pension, benefiting approximately 49.19 lakh central government employees and 68.72 lakh pensioners. The combined financial impact on the exchequer is estimated to be ā¹10,083.96 crore per annum. This decision is in line with the accepted formula based on the recommendations of the 7th Central Pay Commission and provides financial relief ahead of upcoming festivals.
NIELIT Digital University Platform Inaugurated
Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) Digital University (NDU) Platform in New Delhi on October 2, 2025. The platform aims to democratize access to high-quality digital education by offering industry-focused programs in niche technologies such as AI, cybersecurity, data science, and semiconductors. The inauguration also included the virtual launch of five new NIELIT Centres across various states, further expanding access to advanced digital skills.
NCRB 2023 Report Reveals Persistent Farmer Suicides
The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 2023 report, released on October 1, 2025, highlighted the grave issue of farmer suicides in India. According to the report, a total of 10,786 persons involved in the farming sector (4,690 farmers/cultivators and 6,096 agricultural laborers) died by suicide in 2023, accounting for 6.3% of all suicides in the country. Maharashtra reported the highest share at 38.5% of farmer suicides, followed by Karnataka at 22.5%. The report underscores the chronic vulnerability of the agricultural sector to issues like debt burden, crop failures, and market volatility.
Nation Celebrates Gandhi Jayanti and Vijayadashami
India is observing October 2, 2025, with dual significance as it marks both Mahatma Gandhi's 156th birth anniversary (Gandhi Jayanti) and the festival of Vijayadashami (Dussehra). Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated nationwide with prayers, commemorative events, and cleanliness drives, honoring his legacy of non-violence and truth. Globally, October 2 is recognized as the International Day of Non-Violence. Vijayadashami, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil, is also being celebrated across the country with traditional festivities. Stock markets remain closed on this day.